Prevention and Controlling Effect of Intercropping on Pests and Diseases and Its Risk Control in Cotton Fields

Cotton is one of the major field crops which are seriously threatened by pests and diseases. In recent years, the ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping has become to be an interesting approach. Intercropping possibly increases the population of natural enemies and finally reduces the population density of pests as a result of changes in ecological structure and environmental conditions of farmland. Intercropping thus has been considered an important alternative in controlling pests and diseases. However, cotton field intercropping also has some limitations in controlling pests and diseases. Unreasonable intercropping system has many risks such as increasing labor input, increasing the difficulty of pests’ control, and aggravating pests and diseases. In this paper, the effects and the underlying mechanisms of cotton intercropping on cotton pests and diseases were reviewed. The possible risks and countermeasures used for ecological control of intercropping were also put forward, and the future and application of ecological management of cotton pests and diseases with intercropping were prospected.     

木薯金属硫蛋白基因的克隆和表达分析

金属硫蛋白(metallothionein,MT)分子量小,半胱氨酸含量高,具有消除离子自由基,减弱重金属毒性和减少体内活性氧积累等功能。为探究木薯金属硫蛋白基因(MeMT)的原核表达能力和对活性氧的耐受性,本研究通过木薯cDNA克隆获取MeMT并将其连接至pET-28a,在BL21(DE3)菌株中成功诱导其表达。H2O2耐受性分析发现,与空载菌株相比,表达MeMT蛋白的DE3菌株对H2O2的耐受水平较高。RT-qPCR技术检测显示,在H2O2胁迫下,3 h时木薯叶片中MeMT的表达水平明显升高,但6 h时恢复甚至略低于对照组,证明MeMT在木薯中参与ROS应答过程。该结果对研究木薯抗逆性和产量的提高具有重要意义。     

基于景观视角的防城港万尾金滩滨海护岸探析

防城港东兴市万尾金滩约10km的滨海护岸公路是生态防护、景观步道、旅游集散、防灾避险和渔船停泊等多种功能协调统于一体的滨海防护工程。通过实地调查测绘,基于园林景观的角度从海岸生态防护、水文特征、景观特性三个方面探讨了万尾金滩滨海护岸公路的合理性与不足。指出了滨海护岸工程如何在抵御风浪侵蚀的基础上体现场地的观赏性、便利性、生态性和安全性,以实现滨海护岸工程景观、功能和生态的有机结合。     

不同间伐强度对鲁中南山区人工赤松林生长的影响研究

森林抚育能够有效改善林分生长条件,提高林木生长量和森林质量。结合中央财政森林抚育补贴项目开展,历时7年试验研究了不同生态疏伐强度对人工赤松中龄林生长影响,确定了鲁中南山区人工赤松中龄林生态疏伐合理强度20-30%,为森林质量精准抚育管理提供参考依据。     

基于植被演替理论的城市废弃地植物景观营造策略

近年来随着我国城市化进程,老旧建筑、设施拆除后所形成的城市废弃地对城市容貌、生态环境、生活环境产生了严重的危害。在当前生态文明和绿色发展理念指引下,对城市废弃地进行景观营造已迫在眉睫。植被演替理论对于城市废弃地植被景观营造有着深远的指导意义,在该理论的指导下,文章以北京石景山衙门口绿地规划为例,从植物种类的选择、植物群落结构的搭配与组合等方面探讨了植物景观营造的策略与路径,为推进城市废弃地景观营造和植物环境优化提供了一定的理论指导与借鉴。     

三唑酰草胺在不同类型土壤中的降解特性

为科学评价除草剂三唑酰草胺在土壤环境中的生态风险，采用室内模拟方法，研究了三唑酰草胺在吉林黑土、江西红土和安徽水稻土中的降解特性。结果表明:三唑酰草胺在土壤中的降解符合一级动力学方程。好氧条件下三唑酰草胺在3种土壤中的降解半衰期分别为86.5、106和91.4 d；厌氧条件下半衰期分别为106、130和127 d；水稻田厌氧条件下半衰期分别为162、219和188 d。研究表明，三唑酰草胺在水稻田厌氧条件下的降解速率明显慢于其他2种试验条件下。     

Impacts of water resource planning on regional water consumption pattern: A case study in Dunhuang Oasis,China

Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins. Thus, to enable sustainable development, it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in a reasonable way. We therefore simulated and analyzed changes in water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis of China under three scenarios using a system dynamic model that corresponds to different water consumption pattern. This was done to assess the impacts of regional water resource planning (comprehensive planning of the rational use of water resource and protection of ecosystem services in the Dunhuang Basin) on water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis. The first of these, Scenario 1, is a baseline in which the status quo is maintained, while Scenario 2 incorporates the comprehensive effects of agricultural water-saving irrigation measures with an inter-basin water diversion project, and Scenario 3 focuses on ecological rehabilitation. In the baseline Scenario 1, the total water consumption within the Dunhuang Oasis increased progressively while agricultural water consumption remained extremely high and threatened overall ecological security. In contrast, Scenario 2 would decrease agricultural water consumption by almost 5.30×10⁷ m³ following the implementation of water-saving practices. The additional water allocated from an inter-basin water diversion project would play an important role in alleviating ecological strain on the oasis. Finally, in Scenario 3, the total irrigated land must be decreased to 20.6×10³ hm² by 2025 assuming that water supply for ecosystem restoration would be at least 50% of the total consumption. Although water resource planning plays a very important role in alleviating the ecological water crisis within the oasis, it is necessary to consider the suitable scale of oasis with regard to current water consumption pattern.     

四种重要实蝇类害虫对福建省造成的经济损失评估

实蝇类害虫是世界性检疫害虫，对福建省农作物造成为害的主要包含橘小实蝇、南亚寡鬃实蝇、瓜实蝇、具条实蝇4种。这4种实蝇类害虫给福建省水果、蔬菜带来较为严重的经济损失，并且由于防治过程中农药的使用，造成生态环境问题。本研究选取实蝇类害虫为害较为严重的福建省主要水果和蔬菜作为研究对象，从直接经济损失、防治费用和间接经济损失3个层面建立评估模型，并对2016年4种实蝇类害虫造成的经济损失进行评估，旨在通过评估经济损失情况，为今后防治政策的制定提供思路。研究结果显示，这4种实蝇类害虫对福建省造成的经济损失约为313.48亿元，其中直接经济损失约为221.74亿元，防治费用约为84.24亿元，间接经济损失约为7.5亿元。最后，本研究提出了重视有害生物灾情评估、完善经济损失评价方法，开展农户专业培训、提升防控技术水平，加强环境规制力度、发展绿色生态农业等政策建议。     

城镇街道绿化景观设计初探

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,与此相应地对城镇街道绿化景观也提出了越来越高的要求。城镇街道绿化景观不仅是城市生态景观的重要组成部分之一,更是一个城市改善居民居住环境的重要途径。它不仅改善了城市环境,美化了城市形象,更能够彰显城市的文化内涵,对整个城市宜居水平产生着极其重要的影响。没有良好的城镇街道绿化景观,就没有良好的城市生态环境。基于此,试图就城镇街道绿化景观设计展开初步探讨研究,以供参考借鉴。